Why Did Women Start Wearing Makeup?

by Eddie Deezen.

Some women (and a small percentage of men) apply makeup daily. There is a simple reason for this: they want to look good. The subtle (and sometimes not so subtle) touches of pigment and shade can make a huge difference. They can hide flaws in the skin and enhance the natural appearance of certain facial features.

In spite of a small microcosm of angry feminists, the "beauty industry" is a billion-dollar (trillion, maybe?) industry in America and around the world.

Call it vanity, if you must, but spending quality time in front of a mirror is a daily ritual millions of women can't do without, whether they're preparing for an average day at work, a big event, or a date with that special someone. It all goes back to the ancient Egyptians, who were the first women to wear makeup.

In a way, the basic motive back then was the same as it is today- just like modern day supermodels, the well-to-do women of ancient Egypt wanted to look their best and saw the careful application of face-paint as a means to that end.

But unlike today's modern women, they weren't trying to impress that cute guy at work or the guy at that important job interview. And the Egyptian women weren't trying to catch the eye of the burly construction foreman working on the pyramids or the local pharoah either. Their sights were aimed a little higher. They were trying to impress the gods.

Archeological evidence shows the Egyptian ladies were dolling themselves up as early as 4000B.C. This was mainly, or at least in good part, to please the gods, as the women felt their appearance was directly related to their spiritual worth. So the Egyptians created the first cosmetics (no word on whether they received makeovers at malls along the Nile).

They applied eye makeup called mesdement (from the ancient Egyptian word <>msdmt) a mixture of copper and lead ore, around their eyes. Green shades went on the lower eyelids; black and dark gray were applied to the lashes and upper eyelids. Dark colors were said to ward off "evil eyes".

To complete the ornate look around the eyes, they added almond shapes of dark-colored powder (later called kohl) that might have been a combination of ingredients such as burnt almonds, oxidized copper, copper ores, lead, ash, and ochre (think Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow or Keith Richards as Keith Richards). Kohl was believed to have medicinal benefits as well.

 

Egyptian women put a mixture of red clay or ochre and water or animal fat on their cheeks and lips- the first blush and lipstick- and applied henna to their nails. When it came time to remove all of these cosmetics at the end of the day, they used a type of soap made from vegetable and animal oils and perfumes.
Although these earliest beauty products the ladies put on were originally intended to please the gods, it doesn't take much imagination to consider the effect these doses of makeup had on the local Egyptian men (probably similar to the first cave girl who realized the effect her short animal skin dress had on the cave men and boys she walked by).
The connection between beauty and spirituality remained for centuries, until the Romans gained power. The Romans adopted many of the Egyptians' cosmetic formulas, but their primary motive was to improve their appearance for each other (especially the Roman men). The "god factor" did not enter into it.

And ever since then, from the earliest Egyptian women and the earliest Roman women to Angelina Jolie and Jennifer Aniston to the high-school cheerleader to the teenage girl working her first job at the mall, the more things change the more things stay the same. As the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the sight of a beautiful woman or girl turns heads, captures attention, and causes a great effect.
It brings one that most precious of all commodities: admiration. And in the end, isn't that what we all want?

Mystical Angkor Wat

Mystical Paintings Suddenly Appear at Angkor Wat

Previously undetected 16th century paintings are discovered the Temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.

271 Years Before Pantone, An Artist Mixed And Described Every Color Imaginable In An 800-Page Book

In 1692 a Dutch artist known only as 'A. Boogert' wrote a book about mixing watercolors. The title of the book is 'Klaer Lightende Spiegel der Verfkonst' (Clearly Lighting Mirror of the Art of Painting). Not only would he begin the book with a bit about the use of color in painting, but would go on to explain how to create certain hues and change the tone by adding one, two, or three parts of water.

Spanning nearly 800 completely handwritten and painted pages, it was probably the most comprehensive guide to paint and color of its time. According to Medieval book historian Erik Kwakkel who translated part of the introduction, the color book was intended as an educational guide. The irony being there was only a single copy that was probably seen by very few eyes.

Ziggy

Historic Photos

 

The Mummy's Curse?

The Abyssinian Princes Hoax of 1910

Irish practical joker Horace de Vere Cole orchestrated his masterpiece in 1910: He dressed four friends as Abyssinian princes and inveigled a tour of a British battleship. One of the friends, improbably, was Virginia Woolf disguised in a false beard and turban (far left in above photo).

The Forgotten 19th-Century Photo Technology That Romanticized America

Taschen has just published a new book called An American Odyssey: Photos from the Detroit Photographic Co., 1888 - 1924, whose 612 pages are crammed with hundreds of Photochroms, a Swiss-invented hybrid of black-and-white photography and stone lithography.
Collectors Weekly interviewed one of the book's co-authors, Sabine Arqué, who explained how this technology found its way to Detroit and ending up giving most Americans their first color glimpse of places like the Grand Canyon, which had been shot decades earlier by the great American photographer William Henry Jackson.

"Pistol Pete"

Frank Eaton, “Pistol Pete”….. In the late 1860’s, 8 yr old Eaton witnessed six men kill his father. In 1875, when he was 15, he learned the whereabouts of his father’s killers. But before setting off on his mission to avenge his father’s death, he decided to visit Ft. Gibson, OK a cavalry fort, to learn more about handling a gun. He learned, and out shot everyone at the fort, earning him the nickname. Later in life, he moved to OK. Terr. and became a US Marshal.

Meet Jack Swilling

This is Jack Swilling, from South Carolina. He explored previously unknown areas while head of militia unit known as the Gila Rangers, he fought for the Confederacy and the Union (I still don’t know how he pulled that one off) and he founded Phoenix, Arizona. And all we have of him is one lousy photograph.

Daily Comic Relief

The Mammoth That Trampled On The History Of Mankind

Next month, scientists will meet in the town of Les Eyzies in the Dordogne, France, to mark the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the La Madeleine mammoth - an engraving on ivory that proves man had lived alongside these prehistoric creatures.
The uncovering of the engraving, in 1864, was the handiwork of a joint British-French archaeological expedition and it provided the first, unambiguous evidence that human beings had once shared this planet with long-extinct animals such as the mammoth.

Russian fisherman 'snags' rare Bronze Age figurine

A Russian fisherman who expected nothing more than a haul of tench and carp ended up catching a 4,000-year-old pagan god statue from the bottom of a riverbed.

Archaeologists hailed the ancient find as 'unique and amazing' and 'worth its weight in gold'. The figurine has almond-shaped eyes, a large mouth with full lips, and a ferocious facial expression
Local archaeologists have hailed Siberian Nikolay Tarasov's finding as 'unique and amazing' as well as 'probably worth its weight in gold'.
Mr Tarasov was fishing on a day off from his driving job in the village of Tisul in southern Russia.
He said: 'I used a net, rather than a line, and was hauling it in when I felt the net go heavy and thought it had snagged on a rock.
'I pulled it in by getting my pal to help and was going to chuck it away. But then I stopped when I saw it was a stone with a face.
'I washed the thing in the river - and realized it was a statuette.'
The figurine has almond-shaped eyes, a large mouth with full lips, and a ferocious facial expression.
'I took it to a local museum. I needed to sit down when the experts told me that this object was carved at the very beginning of the Bronze Age.
'On the reverse side on the head the carver etched plaited hair. Below the plait there are lines looking like fish scales. The people I showed it to quite literally jumped for joy.
'I suspected it might be a couple of hundred years old, but had not considered it might by older,' he told The Siberian Times.

The figurine is 12in (30cm) long, 2in (5cm) wide and carved from bone

The curators of the museum passed on the find to experts in the city of Kemerovo, where they dated it at more than 4,000-years-old, and explained it had been carved in horn which later fossilised. The statuette is 12in (30cm) long and 2in (5cm) wide.
Marina Banschikova, director of Tisul History Museum: 'Quite likely, it shows a pagan god.
'Items from this period are very rare, the only things we have dated approximately to the same age are a stone necklace and two charms in the shapes of a bear and a bird.
'Nikolay has given us this treasure free of charge. He didn’t ask for any kind of compensation - though it is probably worth more than if it was a gold statue.
'Now we have to devote more time studying his find which is both unique and amazing.'
The area around Tisul is known to have been inhabited in ancient times.
Currently the theories are that the statuette belonged to the Okunev or Samus cultures.
Okunev culture was a Bronze Age society dated to the first half of the 2nd millennium BC in Minusinsk Hollow of southern Siberia.
To sell it and make profit however was never on the mind of Mr Tarasov, who said: 'People should see it, and learn the history of their region. It is quite clearly precious for the museums of any country.'

Amenhotep's Brother Found

Long-Lost Mummy of Pharaoh's Foster Brother Found

The mummy of the pharaoh Amenhotep II's foster brother may finally have been located in a former Italian monastery.

Mummy Hunt: Finding a Pharaoh's Foster Brother: Photos

The mummy, found by an expedition in the 1800s, is rediscovered in Florence, Italy.

Wari culture artifacts discovered in Ayacucho, Peru

Archaeologists working at the Wari archaeological complex in the Vegachayoq Moqo sector have made new discoveries that promise to illuminate the mysterious pre-Inca society.

Experts are interested in learning more about this little understood civilization

Mario Cueto Cardenas from the Ayacucho Culture Board told Andina that “Archaeologist [José Ochatoma Paravicino of the Universidad San Cristobal de Huamanga] presented a report and is preparing an exposition for the new Wari finds, which will allow us to explore unknown spaces, because [at the Wari site], we’re just getting familiar with the citadel, there are more mysteries that will allow us to better understand their economic and cultural system.”
Juan Arango Claudio, local tourism official, told Andina that “In spite of all the effort that has been expended, we only know a small percentage, that can’t be more than 10%, about the Wari, but we’re hoping that these advances will allow us more tourism flow, because these historical spaces are being evaluated.”
Specifics about the new findings are expected to be announced in coming weeks, Andina reports.
The Wari were an expansive civilization that lived in Peru from around 500 AD to 1000 AD. Their capital city, also called Wari, was located near the city of Ayacucho, in inland Peru.

Students discover 7,000-year-old mummy in Chile

A group of students discovered a 7,000-year-old mummy during a trip to northern Chile, local media reported Monday.

A group of Chinchorro mummies — dated between 5000 B.C. and 3000 B.C. — are on display during the exhibition "Arica, a Thousand-Year-Old Culture," on Aug. 27, 2008, in the cultural center of the La Moneda presidential palace in Santiago, Chile Claudio Santana
La Tercera newspaper reported that the find was made by chance Saturday during a visit to the Morro de Arica site by local students.
Ancient archeological artifacts have been forced toward the surface following the powerful 8.2 earthquake that rocked the region in April, reports say.

Coming Tomorrow

Coming Tomorrow

• Crocodile injured by falling accountant
• Humpback whale subspecies revealed by genetic study
• Adorable bear cub charms police in Oregon
• Ancient DNA ends Aussie claims to Kiwi origins

And more ...

These sleeping Sperm whales are our Animal Picture, for today.

The Daily Drift

True That ...!

 

Carolina Naturally is read in 199 countries around the world daily.   

Health and Fitness ... !

Today is  - National Senior Health and Fitness Day

Don't forget to visit our sister blog: It Is What It Is

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Kokomo, Florin, Kalamazoo, Killeen, Fargo, Bozeman, Livonia, Topanga, Elyria, Pawling, Mahwah, Charlotte and Portland, United States

Saint John's L'ancienne-Lorette, Ottawa, Edmonton, Lake Louise, Nunalala and Vancouver, Canada

Mexico City and Tijuana, Mexico

Medellin, Colombia

Tipitapa, Nicaragua

Rio De Janeiro and Sao Paulo, Brazil

Europe

Moscow, Vladivostok and Ryazan, Russia

Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Limbricht, Netherlands

London and Newbury, England

Boulogne-Billancourt, Rouen, Oberhaslach, Nice and Salon-De-Provence,  France

Eschborn, Kassel and Esslingen, Germany

Oslo, Norway

Malaga, Madrid, L'Olleria, Pontevedra and Granada, Spain

Frederiksberg and Copenhagen, Denmark

Bergamo, Ravenna and Ivrea, Italy

Vinnytsya and Zhovtivody, Ukraine

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Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Tehran, Iran

Beijing, China

Jakarta, Indonesia

Muscat, Oman

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Africa 

Cape Town Johannesburg and Uitenhage, South Africa

Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

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The Pacific

Sydney and Richmond, Australia

Linabuan Sur and Angeles City, Philippines

Today in History

585 BC		A solar eclipse interrupts a battle outside of Sardis in western Turkey between Medes and Lydians. The battle ends in a draw.
1805		Napoleon is crowned in Milan, Italy.
1830		Congress authorizes Indian removal from all states to the western Prairie.
1863		The 54th Massachusetts, a regiment of African-American recruits, leaves Boston, headed for Hilton Head, South Carolina.
1859		The French army launches a flanking attack on the Austrian army in Northern France.
1871		The Paris commune is suppressed by troops from Versailles.
1900		Britain annexes the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1940		Belgium surrenders to Germany.
1953		Melody, the first animated 3-D cartoon in Technicolor, premiers.
1961		Amnesty International, a human rights organization, is founded.

Non Sequitur

50 Most Amazing Summer Camps In The U.S.

A good summer camp should be a safe and magical place where girls and boys can make friends, discover new passions and learn to be independent. Here, they are taught values such as teamwork and cooperation - all while surrounded by majestic lakes, mountains, woodlands and wide-open spaces so often lacking in congested cities.
More often than not, kids find out who they are and what makes them tick. Here are 50 of the most incredible summer camps in the United States.

The Monument To The Battle Of Nations

The Biggest Monument In Europe  

The shadow of a new war was already casting a long shadow in 1913. Yet it was the year when the people of the city of Leipzig in the German state of Saxony saw the completion of their monument to a battle which had taken place exactly a century before.
The Monument to the Battle of Nations commemorated the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig. However, for almost a century after its inauguration, this remembrance of a battle of the past would be used by one group or another for their own ideological purposes.

China's fake Sphinx to be demolished

Residents pose for a photo before a full-size replica of the Great Sphinx of Giza in Donggou village in Shijiazhuang, north China's Hebei province on May 13, 2014

A replica of Egypt's iconic Sphinx built in northern China will be dismantled after an Egyptian ministry complained about the structure, state media said Sunday.

A massive replica of the ancient statue was built in Hebei province, the official Xinhua news agency said.

But Egypt's ministry of antiquities complained to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) about the Chinese imitation, it cited a source as saying.

The report quoted an official with a cultural park on the outskirts of the provincial capital Shijiazhuang as saying the imitation would serve only as a temporary scene for shooting movies and television dramas.

"We are very respectful to world cultural heritage and express our apologies for any misunderstanding," added the official, who declined to be named.

The replica, about 80 meters (264 feet) long and 30 meters tall, is made of steel bars and cement.

Already notorious for copying Western goods ranging from trainers to champagne, China is building up its replica reputation with a miniature Mount Rushmore, an Eiffel Tower and an entire Austrian village.

In the southwestern megacity of Chongqing, a park is scattered with sculptures including Michelangelo's David, Rodin's Thinker and the gigantic heads of four American presidents in a trend known as "duplitecture".

An assemblage of Parisian monuments including the Eiffel Tower and a fountain from Versailles stand in the city of Hangzhou, as does a French village.

Among the most eye-popping examples are a copy of the Austrian alpine village and UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hallstatt in the southern province of Guangdong, which even state media called "a bold example of China's knock-off culture".

Thyme

Thyme has a powerful ability to kill off bacteria and viruses and should be taken at first signs of a cold or illness. It is a rich source of several essential vitamins such as vitamins A, E, C, K, B-complex and folic acid and it is also one of the best sources of calcium, iron, manganese, selenium, and potassium. Thyme contains antiseptic, antiviral, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, and expectorant properties which supports healing throughout the entire body. Thyme is vital to help stimulate memory, prevent nightmares and melancholy, ease headache and muscle tension, soothe coughs, relieve fevers, and fight colds and infections. It also contains a compound called carvacrol which is an excellent natural tranquilizer and has a tonic effect on the entire nervous system. Thyme is a good source of pyridoxine which is known to play an important role in manufacturing GABA levels in the brain, aid in regulating sleep patterns, and benefit neurotransmitter function in the brain. GABA is also one of the best natural defenses against stress damage. Thyme is a great purifying herb for the digestive tract and has been found to destroy certain intestinal hookworms and roundworms and aid in the digestion of rich or fatty foods. Thyme has some of the highest antioxidant levels among herbs. It is packed with bioflavonoids such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and naringenin which have all been shown to have powerful effects on eliminating free-radicals and other disease producing substances from the body. Thyme oil has been used as a local antiseptic and antimicrobial since ancient times and is highly beneficial in supporting the immune system and for easing fatigue and weakness after illness. Thyme oil can also help to stop hair loss by improving blood flow to the scalp and feeding the roots of the hair. Consider using more fresh thyme in your food by adding it to soups, salads, guacamole, vegetables, potatoes, rice, etc... Fresh thyme also makes a powerful and very healing tea. Steep a handful of fresh sprigs in hot water for at least 10 minutes or it can be soaked overnight in a pitcher of water and sipped throughout the day. Add honey or lemon, if desired.

The Lost Gardens Of Heligan

Nature's Sleeping Beauty

If you want to know if secret gardens really do exist, look no further for England's Lost Gardens of Heligan will likely make you lose yourself in its beauty. The Lost Gardens of Heligan in Cornwall is one of the most popular botanical gardens in the UK.
The garden, originally created and owned by the Tremayne family, was once an estate that has a number of farms, quarries, woods, brickworks, a flour mill, a saw mill, a brewery, productive orchards and kitchen gardens. It was the center of the community until the First World War broke out which made the family leave the place which turned into a war department.

Bristlcone

Long before any of us walked this Earth - and long after we're gone - the ancient trees will be here. You're looking at a Bristlecone Pine, at 4,767 years, one of the 10 oldest trees on the planet. 

The rest are found here

Godafoss

Waterfall of Gods, Godafoss, Iceland by Pere Soler Isern

The Door to Hell

The Hellish Desert Pit That Has Been On Fire For More Than 40 Years

There are places on Earth that are a little creepy, places that feel a little haunted and places that are downright hellish. The Darvaza gas crater, nicknamed by locals 'The Door to Hell,' definitely falls into the latter category. While drilling in 1971, Soviet geologists tapped into a cavern filled with natural gas.
The ground beneath the drilling rig collapsed, leaving a large hole with a diameter of 70 meters (230 ft). To avoid poisonous gas discharge, it was decided the best solution was to burn it off. Geologists had hoped the fire would use all the fuel in a matter of days, but the gas is still burning today.

Fairy Rings

Mysterious Fairy Circles Not Caused by Termites

In the latest attempt to explain the cause of these circular patches, a group of researchers turned to aerial images.

The Colorado Reaches The Gulf

Rare Sight: Colorado River Reaches Gulf: Photos

Aerial photos of the Colorado River pulse flow reaching the Gulf of California.

Tafoni

Nature's Rock Art 

Tafoni - you may not have heard the term but chances are, if you have visited an ocean shore, (or less likely a desert) that you have seen them with your own eyes.

Essentially they are caves (mostly in miniature) and their formation can often result in beautiful patterns. Yet why are they formed in the first place?

Random Photos

Magical Houses From Around The World

Wat Rong Khun

Craco

A Village near Lake Chad

Ziggy

Target of Weather Conspiracy Theories Powers Down

Target of Weather Conspiracy Theories Powers Down

HAARP, a scientific research project claimed by conspiracy theorists to be a super-weapon, is closing.

Warmest on Record

April 2014 Ties for Globe's Warmest on Record

The average global temperature for April 2014 was 1.39 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average for the month, which was 56.7 degrees F.

Can We Save Our Cities from Drowning?

Can We Save Our Cities from Drowning?

The Antarctic ice sheet is melting, and some of the damage is irreversible. Over the next 200 years, the ocean is expected to rise 10 feet, putting many major cities worldwide underwater. Assuming we don't want to live in Waterworld, can we stop it?

El Nino and Climate Change

El Nino Trend Could Explain Climate Change Slowdown

A trend in El Nino events might explain a recent slow down in rising global temperatures -- and that trend is about to shift toward sharper warming, say scientists.

Daily Comic Relief

Babbling brooks adding to climate change?

Babbling brooks adding to climate change?

Studying stream bubbles isn’t exactly a walk in the park. […]

Antarctic Melt and Volcanoes

Antarctic Melt Could Increase Volcanic Activity

Melting glaciers in Antarctica could increase volcanic activity and sea-level rise, reports a new study.

Losing 160 Tons A Year

Antarctica Losing Nearly 160 Billion Tons of Ice Each Year

The Antarctic ice sheet is losing 159 billion tons a year, twice as much as the last measurements recorded.

In the Deep Blue Jurassic Sea

180-Million-Year-Old Fossils Revealed in Jurassic Deep Sea

Ancient fossils now reveal that the deep sea may be the origin of many lineages of sea creatures found closer to the surface, such as a number of sea stars, sea urchins and snails.

Coming Tomorrow

Coming Tomorrow

• "Pistol Pete"
• Jack Swirling
• Lauren Bacall
• Nikola Tesla

And more ...

These friends are our Animal Picture, for today.

The Daily Drift

True ...!

 

Carolina Naturally is read in 199 countries around the world daily.   

Tape ... !

Today is  - Cellophane Tape Day

Don't forget to visit our sister blog: It Is What It Is

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The Americas

Whately, Dumont, Brooks, Colombia, Buffalo, Leighton, Elkhart, Verona, Winder, Vilonia, Hialeah, Fallon, Bronx, Fallon and Sterling, United States

Joliette, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Quebec, Britannia and Montreal, Canada

Guayaquil, Ecuador

San Jose, Costa Rica

San Juan, Puerto Rico

Guatemala City, Guatemala

Bogota, Colombia

Tipitapa, Nicaragua

Santiago, Chile

Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

The Bottom, Sint Eustatius and Saba

Europe

Limbricht, Netherlands

Lyon, Oberhaslach, Cerny, Nice, Rouen and Salon-De-Provence, France

Bari, Treviso, Minerbio, Milan and Rome, Italy

Berlin, Widdern, Dresden, Frankfurt Am Main and Nuremberg, Germany

Belgrade, Serbia

Moscow, Vladivostok, Novgorod, Novosibirsk and Ryazan, Russia

Slough, England

Oslo, Norway

Frederiksberg, Slagelse and Oksbol, Denmark

Newport, Wales

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bratislava, Slovakia

Kiev, Ukraine

Trogir, Croatia

Dublin, Ireland

Piasek, Poland

Reykjavik, Iceland

Madrid and Castello De La Plana, Spain

Bucharest, Romania

Otaniemi, Finland

Teixoso, Portugal

Budapest, Hungary

Riga, Latvia

Asia

Kolkata, Chennai, Pune, Jodhpur, Delhi, Bhubaneshwar, Thiruvananthapuram, Shillong, Mumbai, Ranchi, Nellore, Jammu and New Delhi, India

Seoul and Seongnam, Korea

Umm As Summaq, Jordan

Kuala Lumpur and Puchong, Malaysia

La Dagotiere, Mauritius

Damascus, Syria

Tehran, Tabriz, Iran

Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi and Sialkot, Pakistan

Erbil, Iraq

Bangkok, Thailand

Colombo, Sri Lanka

Tel Aviv, Israel

Africa 

Tunis, Tunisia

Cape Town, South Africa

Al Jizah, Egypt

The Pacific

Sydney, Perth and Brisbane, Australia

Today in History

1564		John Calvin, one of the dominant figures of the Protestant Reformation, dies in Geneva.
1647		Achsah Young becomes the first woman known to be executed as a witch in Massachusetts.
1668		Three colonists are expelled from Massachusetts for being Baptists.
1813		Americans capture Fort George, Canada.
1907		The Bubonic Plague breaks out in San Francisco.
1919		A U.S. Navy seaplane completes the first transatlantic flight.
1929		Colonel Charles Lindbergh marries Anne Spencer Murrow.
1935		The Supreme Court declares President Franklin Roosevelt's National Recovery Act unconstitutional.
1937		San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge opens.
1941		The German battleship Bismarck is sunk by British naval and air forces.
1942		German General Rommel begins a major offensive in Libya with his Afrika Korps.
1944		American General MacArthur lands on Biak Island in New Guinea.
1960		A military coup overthrows the democratic government of Turkey.
1969		Construction begins on Walt Disney World in Florida.
1972		President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Communist Party chief Leonid Brezhnev sign an arms reduction agreement.
1999		The international war crimes tribunal indicts Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic for war atrocities.