Today in History

1587		In the Roanoke Island colony, Ellinor and Ananias Dare become parents of a baby girl whom they name Virginia, the first English child born in what would become the United States.
1590		John White, the leader of 117 colonists sent in 1587 to Roanoke Island (North Carolina) to establish a colony, returns from a trip to England to find the settlement deserted. No trace of the settlers is ever found.
1698		After invading Denmark and capturing Sweden, Charles XII of Sweden forces Frederick IV of Denmark to sign the Peace of Travendal.
1759		The French fleet is destroyed by the British under "Old Dreadnought" Boscawen at the battle of Lagos Bay.
1782		Poet and artist William Blake marries Catherine Sophia Boucher.
1862		Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart's headquarters is raided by Union troops of the 5th New York and 1st Michigan cavalries.
1864		Union General William T. Sherman sends General Judson Kilpatrick to raid Confederate lines of communication outside Atlanta. The raid is unsuccessful.
1870		Prussian forces defeat the French at the Battle of Gravelotte during the Franco-Prussian War.
1898		Adolph Ochs takes over the New York Times, saying his aim is to give "the news, all the news, in concise and attractive form, in language that is permissible in good society, and give it early, if not earlier, than it can be learned through any other medium."
1914		Germany declares war on Russia while President Woodrow Wilson issues his Proclamation of Neutrality.
1920		Tennessee becomes the thirty-sixth state to ratify the nineteenth amendment granting women's sufferage, completing the three-quarters necessary to put the amendment into effect.
1929		The first cross-country women's air derby begins. Louise McPhetride Thaden wins first prize in the heavier-plane division, while Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie finishes first in the lighter-plane category.
1939		The film The Wizard of Oz opens in New York City.
1942		Japan sends a crack army to Guadalcanal to repulse the U.S. Marines fighting there.
1943		The Royal Air Force Bomber Command completes the first major strike against the German missile development facility at Peenemunde.
1963		James Meredith, the first African American to attend University of Mississippi, graduates.
1965		Operation Starlite marks the beginning of major U.S. ground combat operations in Vietnam.
1966		Australian troops repulse a Viet Cong attack at Long Tan.
1969		Two concert goers die at the Woodstock Music and Art Fair in Bethel, New York, one from an overdose of heroin, the other from a burst appendix.
1991		A group of hard-line communist leaders unhappy with the drift toward the collapse of the Soviet Union seize control of the government in Moscow and place President Mikhail S. Gorbachev under house arrest