Today in History

1214		At the Battle of Bouvines in France, Philip Augustus of France defeats John of England.
1245		Frederick II is deposed by a council at Lyons, which found him guilty of sacrilege.
1586		Sir Walter Raleigh returns to England from Virginia.
1663		British Parliament passes a second Navigation Act, requiring all goods bound for the colonies be sent in British ships from British ports.
1689		Government forces defeat the Scottish Jacobites at the Battle of Killiecrankie.
1777		The Marquis of Lafayette arrives in New England to help fight the British.
1778		British and French fleets fight to a standoff in the first Battle of Ushant.
1793		Robespierre becomes a member of the Committee of Public Safety.
1861		President Abraham Lincoln replaces General Irwin McDowell with General George B. McClellen as head of the Army of the Potomac.
1905		The International Workers of the World found their labor organization in Chicago.
1909		Orville Wright sets a world record for staying aloft in an airplane–one hour, 12 minutes and 40 seconds.
1914		British troops invade the streets of Dublin, Ireland, and begin to disarm Irish rebels.
1921		Canadians Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin at the University of Toronto.
1944		U.S. troops complete the liberation of Guam.
1953		Representatives of the United Nations, Korea and China sign an armistice at Panmunjon, Korea.
1964		President Lyndon Johnson sends an additional 5,000 advisers to South Vietnam.
1980		Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran dies in Cairo, Egypt.
1981		William Wyler, director of Ben Hur, dies.
1993		Israeli guns and aircraft pound southern Lebanon in reprisal for rocket attacks by Hezbollah guerrillas.
2002		The largest air show disaster in history occurs when a Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine, killing 85 and injuring more than 100 others.