Today in History

375		Enraged by the insolence of barbarian envoys, Valentinian, the Emperor of the West, dies of apoplexy in Pannonia in Central Europe.
1558		Queen Elizabeth ascends to the throne of England.
1558		The Church of England is re-established.
1636		Henrique Dias, Brazilian general, wins a decisive battle against the Dutch in Brazil.
1796		Napoleon Bonaparte defeats an Italian army near the Alpine River, Italy.
1800		The Sixth Congress (2nd session) convenes for the first time in Washington, D.C.
1842		A grim abolitionist meeting is held in Marlboro Chapel, Boston, after the imprisonment of a mulatto named George Latimer, one of the first fugitive slaves to be apprehended in Massachusetts.
1862		Union General Ambrose Burnside marches north out of Washington, D.C., to begin the Fredericksburg campaign.
1869		The Suez Canal is formally opened.
1877		Russia launches a surprise night attack that overruns Turkish forces at Kars, Armenia.
1885		The Serbian Army, with Russian support, invades Bulgaria.
1903		Vladimir Lenin’s efforts to impose his own radical views on the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party splits the party into two factions, the Bolsheviks, who support Lenin, and the Mensheviks.
1913		The first ship sails through the Panama Canal, which connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
1918		Influenza deaths reported in the United States have far exceeded World War I casualties.
1918		German troops evacuate Brussels.
1931		Charles Lindbergh inaugurates Pan Am service from Cuba to South America in the Sikorsky flying boat American Clipper.
1941		German Luftwaffe general and World War I fighter-ace Ernst Udet commits suicide. The Nazi government tells the public that he died in a flying accident.
1951		Britain reports development of the world’s first nuclear-powered heating system.
1965		The NVA ambushes American troops of the 7th Cavalry at Landing Zone Albany in the Ia Drang Valley, almost wiping them out.
1967		The American Surveyor 6 makes a six-second flight on the moon, the first lift-off on the lunar surface.
1970		The Soviet unmanned Luna 17 touches down on the moon.
1980		WHHM Television in Washington, D.C., becomes the first African-American public-broadcasting television station.
1986		Renault President Georges Besse is shot to death by leftists of the Direct Action Group in Paris.
1989		A student demonstration in Prague is put down by riot police, leading to an uprising (the Velvet Revolution) that will topple the communist government on Dec. 29.
1993		The US House of Representatives passes a resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement.
1993		Gen. Sani Abacha leads a military coup in Nigeria that overthrows the government of Ernest Shonekan.
2000		Controversial President of Peru Alberto Fujimori is removed from office.