by Beth Greenfield
Iceland? Don't mind if I do
While
the United States endlessly debates the notion of women having it all,
Iceland has simply made it a reality. That’s the conclusion, at least,
of the annual
Global Gender Gap Report,
released by the World Economic Forum this week. Iceland tops the list
of 136 countries ranked in terms of gender equality for the fifth year
in a row — followed by fellow Nordic countries Finland, Norway, and
Sweden — and a big part of the reason is the attainable
work-life balance that exists there. Unlike in the United States, which came in at No. 23.
“These
[Nordic] economies have made it possible for parents to combine work
and family, resulting in high female employment, more shared
participation in childcare, more equitable distribution of labor at
home, better work-life balance for both women and men and in some cases a
boost to declining fertility rates,” the near-400-page report notes.
“Policies in some of these countries include mandatory paternal leave in
combination with maternity leave, generous federally mandated parental
leave benefits provided by a combination of social insurance funds and
employers, tax incentives, and post-maternity re-entry programs.”
Add
to that dreaminess the fact that all Nordic countries achieved a
near-100-percent literacy rate for both sexes decades ago — and that
there are top-down approaches to promoting women’s leadership (including
a law in Norway requiring publicly listed companies to have at least 40
percent of each sex on their boards) — and you may just want to pack
some warm sweaters and hop a flight to the land of
Björk and
skyr.
The
report, issued annually since 2006, measures a range of issues to
determine its rankings: health, education, workforce participation,
political involvement, and global competitiveness. And it’s a good
reminder that gender parity is just about not only equal rights, but
also efficiency.
“Many countries have closed the gender gap in
education, for example, but gender-based barriers to employment minimize
their returns on that investment; their highly educated women aren't
working,” notes
Foreign Policy.
“The highest ranking countries in the index have figured out how to
maximize returns on their investment in women, and are consequently more
economically competitive, have higher incomes, and higher rates of
development.”
Rounding out the ranking's top 10 are the Philippines, Ireland, New Zealand, Denmark, Switzerland and Nicaragua.
Meanwhile,
the United States is behind Cuba, Canada, and the African country of
Burundi. That’s partly because of not being able to close wage gaps and
participation gaps when it comes to senior and leadership positions, as
well as a lack of laws mandating maternity leave, although the United
States has, thank goodness, “fully closed its gender gap in education
and health,” the report notes.
America has some serious work to
do for women—and not only according to this particular ranking. Earlier
this year, the annual Save the World’s Mothers
report
ranked 176 countries based on five indicators of a mother’s well-being:
the risk of maternal mortality, mortality rate of children under 5,
educational status, economic status and political participation. The
Nordic countries swept here, as well, followed by Spain, Belgium, and
Germany. The United States came in at a barely respectable No. 30 due to
poor scores in mortality rates (both child and mother), as well as
political status, as compared with other highly developed nations.
Earlier this year, the
Economist created
a “glass-ceiling index,” in honor of International Women’s Day, which
judged 26 countries based on data including wage gaps, male-female
ratios and leadership positions. New Zealand topped that list, followed
by Norway and Sweden, while the United States slid in at No. 12, just
behind France.
It’s incredibly important to remember and be
grateful that we’re not living in Chad, Pakistan or Yemen, which came in
dead last in the Global Gender Gap Report, or in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, which ranked last in the Save the World’s Mothers
list. But still, icy climates
are suddenly looking better and better…