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Carolina Naturally
Carolina Naturally
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1571 | At the Battle of Lepanto in the Mediterranean Sea, the Christian galley fleet destroys the Turkish galley fleet. | |
1630 | The town of Trimountaine in Massachusetts is renamed Boston. It became the state capital. | |
1701 | England, Austria, and the Netherlands form an Alliance against France. | |
1778 | Shawnee Indians attack and lay siege to Boonesborough, Kentucky. | |
1812 | On the road to Moscow, Napoleon wins a costly victory over the Russians at Borodino. | |
1813 | The earliest known printed reference to the United States by the nickname “Uncle Sam” occurs in the Troy Post. | |
1864 | Union General Phil Sheridan’s troops skirmish with the Confederates under Jubal Early outside Winchester, Virginia. | |
1876 | The James-Younger gang botches an attempt to rob the First National Bank of Northfield, Minnesota. | |
1888 | An incubator is used for the first time on a premature infant. | |
1892 | The first heavyweight-title boxing match fought with gloves under Marquis of Queensbury rules ends when James J. Corbett knocks out John L. Sullivan in the 21st round. | |
1912 | French aviator Roland Garros sets an altitude record of 13,200 feet. | |
1916 | The U.S. Congress passes the Workman’s Compensation Act. | |
1940 | Germany’s blitz against London begins during the Battle of Britain. | |
1942 | The Red Army pushes back the German line northwest of Stalingrad. | |
1953 | Nikita Krushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. | |
1954 | Integration of public schools begins in Washington D.C. and Maryland. | |
1965 | The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio. | |
1970 | Jockey Bill Shoemaker earns his 6,033rd win, breaking Johnny Longden’s record for most lifetime wins; Shoemaker’s record would stand for 29 years. | |
1977 | Panama and the US sign the Torrijos-Carter Treaties to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the US to Panama at the end of the 20th century. | |
1978 | Secret police agent Francesco Gullino assassinates Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov in London by firing a ricin pellet from a specially designed umbrella. | |
1979 | ESPN, the Entertainment and Sports Programing Network, debuts. | |
1986 | Desmond Tutu becomes the first black leader of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of South Africa). | |
1988 | Pilot and cosmonaut Abdul Ahad Mohmand, the first Afghan to travel to outer space, returns to earth after 9 days aboard the Soviet space station Mir. | |
2004 | Hurricane Ivan damages 90% of buildings on the island of Grenada; 39 die in the Category 5 storm. | |
2008 | The US Government assumes conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the country’s two largest mortgage financing companies, during the subprime mortgage crisis. |
The unifying factor between all types of purposeful book-burners in the 20th century, Knuth says, is that the perpetrators feel like victims, even if they’re the ones in power. Perhaps the most infamous book burnings were those staged by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, who regularly employed language framing themselves as the victims of Jews. Similarly, when Mao Zedong took power in China and implemented the Cultural Revolution, any book that didn’t conform to party propaganda, like those promoting capitalism or other dangerous ideas, were destroyed. More recently, the Jaffna Public Library of Sri Lanka—home to nearly 100,000 rare books of Tamil history and literature—was burned by Sinhalese Buddhists. The Sinhalese felt their Buddhist beliefs were under threat by the Hinduism of Tamils, even though they outnumbered the Tamils.Even when the knowledge itself isn’t prevented from reaching the public, the symbolic weight of burning books is heavy. “Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them as to be as active as that soul was whose progeny they are,” wrote John Milton, author of Paradise Lost, in his 1644 book Areopagitica. “Who kills a man kills a reasonable creature… but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself—” an idea that continues to be espoused in modern culture, like in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451.Read accounts of book burning and its evolving purpose at Smithsonian.