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Carolina Naturally
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771 | With the death of his brother Carloman, Charlemagne becomes sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. | |
1861 | The U.S. Senate, voting 36 to 0, expels Senator John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky because of his joining the Confederate Army. | |
1861 | Queen Victoria of Britain forbids the export of gunpowder, firearms and all materials for their production. | |
1862 | Winchester, Va., falls into Union hands, resulting in the capture of 145 Southern soldiers. | |
1863 | Seven solid days of bombardment ends at Charleston, S.C. The Union fires some 1,307 rounds. | |
1872 | The U.S. brigantine Marie Celeste is found adrift and deserted with its cargo intact, in the Atlantic Ocean between the Azores and Portugal. | |
1900 | The French National Assembly, successor to the States-General, rejects Nationalist General Mercier’s proposal to plan an invasion of England. | |
1914 | The first Seaplane Unit formed by the German Navy officially comes into existence and begins operations from Zeebrugge, Belgium. | |
1918 | France cancels trade treaties in order to compete in the postwar economic battles. | |
1941 | Operation Taifun (Typhoon), which was launched by the German armies on October 2, 1941 as a prelude to taking Moscow, is halted because of freezing temperatures and a lack of serviceable aircraft. | |
1942 | U.S. planes make the first raids on Naples, Italy. | |
1947 | Tennessee William’s play A Streetcar Named Desire premieres on Broadway starring Marlon Brando and Jessica Tandy. | |
1950 | The University of Tennessee defies court rulings by rejecting five Negro applicants. | |
1952 | The Grumman XS2F-1 makes its first flight. | |
1959 | Peking pardons Pu Yi, ex-emperor of China and of the Japanese puppet-state of Manchukuo. | |
1981 | Reagan broadens the power of the CIA by allowing spying in the United States. | |
1985 | Robert McFarland resigns as National Security Advisor. Admiral John Poindexter is named to succeed him. | |
1991 | The last American hostages held in Lebanon are released. | |
1992 | George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 troops to Somalia during the Somali Civil War. |
The Rata tried diplomacy first. The council sent representatives to the island to explain their disappointment, but also, Van Reed writes, threatened confiscations and sanctions if things did not change.Wrocław's Rata responded by calling up an army. However, that army was made up of citizens who already preferred the monastic beer, and continued to drink during the war. Read about the Wrocław Beer War at Atlas Obscura.
The Bishop responded to the provocation with a bunker-buster: He placed the entire city under interdict, which meant that no religious service could be conducted within it. Basically, he cut Wrocław off from God so he could keep selling beer.
While the DNR tattoo may seem extreme, the request to not be resuscitated during end-of-life care is most certainly not. Roughly 80 percent of US Medicare patients say “they wish to avoid hospitalization and intensive care during the terminal phase of illness.” Revealingly, a 2014 survey showed that the vast majority of physicians would prefer to skip high-intensity interventions for themselves. Of the 1,081 doctors polled, over 88 percent opted for do-not-resuscitate status. Indeed, measures to keep a patient alive are often invasive, painful, and costly. DNRs, which hospital staff refer to as “no-codes,” are an explicit request to forego high-intensity interventions like CPR, electric shock, and intubation tubes. More implicitly, it’s a request to not be hooked up to a machine.There's always someone in the bunch who will ruin it for everyone. The patient in Florida died later, as extraordinary lifesaving measures were discontinued per the decision of the ethics team. But should the staff have honored the request when they first found it? Read more on the incident at Gizmodo.
Typically, DNRs are formal, notarized documents that a patient gives to their doctor and family members. Tattoos, needless to say, are a highly unorthodox—but arguably direct—means of conveying one’s end-of-life wishes. That said, this patient’s tattoo presented some undeniable complications for the hospital staff. Is a tattoo a legal document? Was it a regretful thing the patient did while he was drunk or high? Did he get the tattoo, but later change his opinion? On this last point, a prior case does exist in which a patient’s DNR tattoo did not reflect their wishes (as the authors wrote in this 2012 report: “...he did not think anyone would take his tattoo seriously...”).