After a 77-year break, hemp plants are growing in American
soil again. Right now, in fact. If you hear farmers from South Carolina
to Hawaii shouting "hallelujah," the reason isn't because Thomas
Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper (he
did). Nor is it because the canvas that put the "covered" in pioneer
covered wagons was made of hemp, nor that the hemp webbing in his
parachute saved the shrub's daddy's life in World War II.
Nope.
It's because U.S. policy is finally acknowledging that hemp can help
restore our agricultural economy, play a key role in dealing with
climate change and, best of all, allow American family farmers to get in
on a hemp market that, just north of us in Canada, is verging on $1
billion a year.
Hemp is a variety of cannabis -- and thus a cousin
of marijuana -- that contains 0.3% or less of the psychoactive
component THC. (Marijuana plants typically contain 5% to 20% THC.) You
can't get high from hemp, but starting in 1937, U.S. drug laws made
cultivating it off-limits.
Finally, the U.S. hemp industry is
back. A provision in the 2014 farm bill signed by President Obama on
Feb. 7 removed hemp grown for research purposes from the Controlled
Substances Act, the main federal drug law.
Not a moment too soon.
American farmers have been watching as Canadian farmers clear huge
profits from hemp: $250 per acre in 2013. By comparison, South Dakota
State University predicts that soy, a major crop, will net U.S. farmers
$71 per acre in 2014.
Canada's windfall has been largely due to
the American demand for omega-balanced hempseed oil. But hemp is also a
go-to material for dozens of applications all over the world. In a Dutch
factory recently, I held the stronger-than-steel hemp fiber that's used
in Mercedes door panels, and Britain's Marks and Spencer department
store chain used hemp fiber insulation in a new flagship outlet.
"Hempcrete" outperforms fiberglass insulation.
Farmers I've
interviewed from Oregon to Ohio have gotten the memo. In a
Kansas-abutting corner of eastern Colorado, in the town of Springfield,
41-year-old Ryan Loflin wants to save his family farm with hemp. "It
takes half the water that wheat does," Loflin told me, scooping up a
handful of drought-scarred soil so parched it evoked the Sahara, "and
provides four times the income. Hemp is going to revive farming families
in the climate-change era."
From an agronomic perspective,
American farmers need to start by importing dozens of hemp varieties
(known as cultivars) from seed stock worldwide. This is vital because
our own hemp seed stock, once the envy of the world, was lost to
prohibition. This requires diversity and quantity because North Dakota's
soil and climate are different from Kentucky's, which are different
from California's. Also, the broad variety of hemp applications requires
distinct cultivars.
Legally, farmers and researchers doing pilot
programs in the 15 states that have their own hemp legislation
(including California) now have the right to import those seeds. The
point of the research authorization in the farm bill is explicitly to
rebuild our seed stock. Such research is how the modern Canadian hemp
industry was kick-started in 1998.
But one final hurdle has been
placed in front of American hemp entrepreneurs. In Kentucky, U.S.
Customs officials, at the behest of the Drug Enforcement Administration,
in May seized a 286-pound shipment of Italian hemp seed bound for the
state's agriculture department. After a weeklong standoff, a federal
agency had to be reminded by the federal courts that the law had changed
and Kentucky's seed imports were legal.
The problem is as much an
entrenched bureaucratic mind-set as the ink drying on the new federal
hemp policy. DEA Administrator Michele Leonhart told a law enforcement
group last month that the hoisting of a hemp flag above the U.S. Capitol
last July 4 was "the low point in my career."
It should have been
a high point. Hemp's economic potential is too big to ignore. When he
was China's president, Hu Jintao visited that nation's hemp fiber
processors in 2009 to demand that farmers cultivate 2 million acres to
replace pesticide-heavy cotton. Canada funded its cultivar research for
farmers, with today's huge payoff.
Even Roger Ford, a politically
conservative Kentucky utility owner, told me his Patriot BioEnergy's
biofuels division would be planting hemp on coal- and tobacco-damaged
soil the moment it was legal. Why? To use the fiber harvest for clean
biomass energy. "We have a proud history of hemp in the South," Ford
told me.
Congress knows the farm bill hemp provision is just a
baby step. The real solution is the Industrial Hemp Farming Act,
introduced by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), which would allow nationwide
commercial hemp cultivation. Colorado, already ahead of federal law on
legalizing psychoactive cannabis, is also in front on hemp; it has a
state law allowing commercial hemp cultivation. At least 1,600 acres
were planted this season.
Wyden's bill should be fast-tracked. In
the meantime, Rep. Thomas Massie (r-Ky.) believes hemp is so important
for the Bluegrass State that he's not waiting for another brouhaha over
seed imports. He added an amendment to a bill that controls the DEA's
budget to specifically protect imported hemp seeds from seizure. It
passed in the House 246 to 162 on May 30.
It's a necessary move:
Just last week at the Canadian border, the DEA seized another shipment
of hemp seeds, this time bound for Colorado farmers. This
counterproductive nonsense must stop.
American farmers and
investors need our support to catch up with Canada's and the rest of the
world's hemp head start. Now. As Loflin put it when I toured his
family's 1,200-acre Colorado spread, "I'm planting hemp to show my
neighbors that small farmers have a real option as businesspeople in the
digital age."
We're down to 1% of Americans farming; it was 30%
when our world-leading hemp industry was stymied in 1937. The crop is
more valuable today than it was then. We should be waving flags and
holding parades for the farmers ready to plant the crop that Thomas
Jefferson called "vastly desirable." I know I'm ready. To cheer, and to
plant.