It was one of the great remaining mysteries surrounding the final days of World War II — what happened to
Heinrich Mueller, the head of the Gestapo secret police and the highest-ranking Nazi never to have been captured or located.
But a leading German researcher
said Thursday he has uncovered historical documents indicating Mueller
never made it more than a few hundred meters (yards) from Hitler's
bunker in downtown
Berlin and was eventually buried in a common grave in a
Jewish cemetery destroyed by the Nazis.
Though Mueller's body hasn't been found, Johannes Tuchel, the director of Berlin's German Resistance Memorial Center, said the evidence he uncovered is "clear-cut."
He said that, according to a death certificate he found, Mueller died
in the final days of the war in 1945 near the Luftwaffe headquarters.
Tuchel said other evidence shows that about three months after the
end of the war Mueller's body was found by a work crew cleaning up
corpses and buried along with about 3,000 others in a communal grave on
the site of a Jewish cemetery that the SS had destroyed in 1943.
The documents show "with near certainty" that Mueller was buried in
August 1945 in the garden of the Luftwaffe headquarters, then brought to
the Jewish cemetery on Grosse Hamburger Strasse, said Tuchel, whose
story was first reported by Bild newspaper.
Mueller, who was an SS
Gruppenfuehrer — roughly equivalent to a major general — was sought for
decades after the war by investigators around the world, including
Israel's Mossad, the U.S. Office of Special Investigations, and the Simon Wiesenthal Center.
Tuchel said he had no explanation for why they hadn't come up with
the same information. "That is a part of the puzzle I can't answer," he
said.
The Simon Wiesenthal Center's top Nazi hunter, Efraim Zuroff, sounded a note of caution, saying only DNA evidence could prove Mueller was buried in Berlin.
"The Nazis who wanted to escape very often took measures to create
false documents faking their death," he said in a telephone interview
from London. "I would be very wary of reports like that without forensic
evidence."
He cited the case of Aribert Heim, a Mauthausen concentration camp doctor who allegedly died in Cairo in 1992.
"Heim was buried, according to his son, in a mass grave for poor
people in Cairo, and it's a perfect story because it's impossible to
verify," Zuroff said.
It's not yet known whether any efforts will be made to find Mueller's bones in Berlin.
According to the Berlin Jewish Community's website, the cemetery
included the grave of philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and was destroyed by
the SS in 1943, when they built trenches through the area. At war's
end, it was used to bury bombing victims and other war casualties that
littered the German capital.
Tuchel came across the documents when researching an incident in
which Mueller ordered the execution of 18 resistance members at the end
of the war. In addition to a December 1945 death certificate for
Mueller, Tuchel said he has evidence that the identity papers and medals
were later turned over to military authorities to return to his family.
And in 1963 — when authorities were looking into a rumor that Mueller
had been buried in West Berlin's Neukoelln district — a gravedigger
told police in testimony Tuchel found that he had buried Mueller in the
former Jewish cemetery, and had matched his identity papers to the face
of the body.
Tuchel said the man did not give any indication as to Mueller's cause of death.
According to an article in the Holocaust and Genocide Studies journal
in 2001, the gravedigger's story was known but could never be checked
out because the graves were on the other side of the Berlin Wall.
Though there were persistent alleged sightings of Mueller in the
decades after the war, including in Czechoslovakia, Cuba and Argentina,
experts have always maintained that he most likely died in Berlin at the
war's end.
That was the fate of Hitler's private secretary Martin Bormann, who
was thought to have escaped the capital until his bones were unearthed
during construction in 1972 in downtown Berlin. DNA tests in 1998
confirmed they were his.
Zuroff said that, if the information on Mueller does turn out to be
true, it would be a "comforting thought" that Mueller — who attended the
notorious 1942 Wannsee Conference in which plans were coordinated for
the genocide of the European Jews — didn't escape.
"This is the biggest fish that got away," Zuroff said.
Still, if his final resting place is a Jewish cemetery, Zuroff said it would be "absolutely horrifying."
"It's the last place on earth where he should be buried," said
Zuroff. "If this is ever verified, they'd better move very quickly to
make sure it doesn't become a shrine for neo-Nazis."