On a Chinese hospital ship off
Hawaii, crew members demonstrate traditional massage techniques
to U.S. sailors. The mood is one of collegiality, even after
China opted out of Japan-led humanitarian drills at the world’s
largest international naval exercise. There are no guns in sight as Senior Captain Sun Tao stands
on the deck of the Peace Ark that’s taking part in the five-week-long Rim of the Pacific Exercise, known as Rimpac. Inside
the ship, sailors tuck into fatty pork and steamed buns,
watching President Xi Jinping on state television, while others
give out Chinese massages.
“The Chinese navy now is acting on orders to have a
cooperative and open attitude,” Sun said after Chinese navy
cameramen filmed reporters visiting its eight operating
theaters, dental facilities and CT scanner. “I think
cooperative areas are growing wider.”
The Peace Ark, at about 580 feet, is the friendly face of
China’s expanding military power in the Pacific, helping treat
thousands after Typhoon Haiyan devastated parts of the
Philippines in November 2013. In another bid to soften its
public image, the army turned to dancing robots, served up Big
Macs and showed that amphibious vehicles can indeed do donuts at
its latest open day in Beijing on July 22.
Even so, China’s decision to avoid the Japan-led Rimpac
disaster-relief drills reflects remaining tensions with its
neighbors over territory as Xi pledges to restore China to naval
prominence in the region. China fanned concerns about its
intentions by sending a surveillance vessel to waters off Hawaii
even as it participated in the 22-nation Rimpac exercise for the
first time, sending the second-largest fleet.
‘Fame, Friendship, Fear’
“China’s participation is motived by fame, friendship and
fear,” said Ristian Atriandi Supriyanto, an associate research
fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in
Singapore. “The hospital ship shows China wants to present the
benign image that its naval modernization is actually beneficial
to the region. The spy ship shows there is still a trust deficit
between the two sides.”
Rimpac offers China and the U.S. a non-confrontational way
to learn more about each other’s capabilities compared with more
tense encounters including a near-collision with a U.S. cruiser
in December. While China’s four People’s Liberation Army Navy
ships have been welcomed they’ve been kept out of core war
games, and the exercise is led by the U.S. along with allies
Australia, Canada and Japan. China and Japan are sparring over
uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, over which China
declared an air defense identification zone last November.
‘Might for Peace’
Commissioned in 2008, the Peace Ark has visited 16
countries and provided medical services to Chinese navy escort
fleets in the Gulf of Aden. On its way back from Hawaii, the
ship will stop in Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea, Sun
said.
“The Peace Ark is one of the most notable it’s sent to
Rimpac, because the Peace Ark was deployed in the past to build
China’s image of its growing military might for peace and
humanitarian purposes,” said Jian Zhang, a senior lecturer at
the Canberra-based Australian Defence Force Academy of the
University of New South Wales. “It wants to show it can play a
positive and constructive role in international security
cooperation.”
Limited Participation
Even so, while China initially indicated interest in
participating in some of the “scenario-driven” humanitarian
events, it limited the scope of its participation to military
medicine exchanges and training, Lieutenant Lenaya Rotklein, a
public affairs officer for Rimpac, said by e-mail. Peace Ark did
take part in a medical orientation and military medicine
symposium with more than 120 international medical officials.
“While at sea, Peace Ark and USNS Mercy participated in
mass casualty events and medical evacuation training,” she
said.
The
Peace Ark has worked closely with U.S. hospital ship
USNS Mercy and even requested the U.S. ship attend the exercise
for the first time, Captain Paul Spedero of the amphibious
assault vessel USS Peleliu, which is at Rimpac alongside
the
Mercy, said in an interview on the bridge of his ship. The U.S.
is restricted by law on the types of contacts it can have with
the Chinese, Captain Spedero said.
“They’ve been pursuing this capability for some time,
they’re very interested in our capability with the Mercy in the
Pacific,” he said. “They are very serious about the
development of that capability.”
Typhoon Relief
When Haiyan hit the Philippines, the U.S. sent the USS
George Washington aircraft carrier, as well as two amphibious
ships carrying around 900 marines from Okinawa in Japan.
China sent the Peace Ark, which ferried the sick and
injured from shore using its sole helicopter. The visit was the
first time the navy engaged in overseas humanitarian medical
aid, according to the Ministry of Defense.
“I felt that the people of the Philippines -- ordinary
people, government officials, or the military -- welcomed our
services,” Sun said about his experience there. “Through this
medical service, they can deepen their understanding of the
Chinese navy and its thinking.”
While it will focus on humanitarian work, the ship’s triage
area can handle wartime casualties, according to Du Xin, a
lieutenant commander on the ship.
China and the Philippines are embroiled in a territorial
dispute over resource-rich shoals in the South China Sea. The
Philippines has accused China of building artificial islands in
the area and harassing its coast guard and fishing boats.
First Carrier
As it presses its territorial claims, China is building
longer-range naval and air capacity. Its first aircraft carrier,
the Liaoning, was commissioned in 2012 and has conducted sea
trials. The country is holding military exercises in the South
China Sea until Aug. 1 and a drill in the East China Sea until
Aug. 2.
“In between the extremes of humanitarian uses for its navy
and cold-war style espionage, may be found capacities that show
China is no laggard in what Chinese President and commander-in-chief, Xi Jinping requires of the country’s armed forces -- the
ability to fight and win wars,” Rosita Dellios, an associate
professor of international relations at Bond University on
Australia’s Gold Coast, said in an e-mail.
For now, China is stressing the humanitarian work of its
navy. On board the Peace Ark, Commander Fu Bensheng received a
traditional cupping massage in the Traditional Chinese Medicine
ward. The ship carries a slogan from Chairman Mao Zedong that
“being humble helps you become a good person, and being
arrogant does the opposite.”
“The Chinese Navy will take part in more rescues,” Sun
said, sipping green tea in the ship’s cafe. “Whenever there is
a disaster, countries’ rescue ability is limited. You need many
countries to help them. China will positively take part in
international humanitarian rescues.”