In
the 1850’s, the River Thames in London was an open sewer, responsible
for thousands of deaths annually from cholera, typhoid, and dysentery,
this because London’s drinking water was largely drawn from the River
Thames. In 1858, the public outcry against the event that came to be
known as ‘The Great Stink' was so severe that the British government
decided that something had to be done about the ongoing pollution of the
river, and it was.
A civil engineer named Joseph Bazalgette was
tasked with finding an effective and economical solution to the enormous
problem of cleaning up the River Thames, which ran through a mature
city of nearly three million people. London was crisscrossed with roads,
buildings, subway tunnels, drainage pipes, and the other infrastructure
components, both above ground and below ground, that are found in major
cities. He had his work cut out for him, but, luckily for London, he
was more than up to the task.
The solution proposed by
Bazalgette was to construct 1,100 miles of street sewers with 82 miles
of underground brick sewers to intercept the raw sewage which until then
had freely flowed through the streets of London. These intercepting
sewers were to divert the sewage from the street sewers to far
downstream where it could be collected and dumped, untreated, into the
Thames to be carried away at high tide.
Bazalgette’s proposals
met with fierce resistance and were rejected time and time again, but
all this changed in 1858. That year the stench from the Thames was so
overpowering that Parliament was unable to function and this became
known as the year of the “Great Stink.” It prompted politicians into
action and the Government gave approval and financial backing to the
intercepting sewers proposals, amounting to 3 million pounds.
Read the intriguing (and profusely illustrated) story of
Joseph Bazalgette and his ingenious intercepting sewer system at the Heritage Group.