Even with the limited transportation technologies of the time, the
passage of trade over the world carried glass beads from the Roman
Empire to the Fifth Century A.D. Utsukushi burial mound in Nagaoka,
Japan:
It found that the light yellow beads were made with
natron, a chemical used to melt glass by craftsmen in the empire, which
succeeded the Roman Republic in 27 BC and was ultimately ended by the
Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
The beads, which have a hole through the middle, were made with a
multilayering technique — a relatively sophisticated method in which
craftsmen piled up layers of glass, often sandwiching gold leaf in
between.
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