Today in History

1758		James Abercromby is replaced as supreme commander of British forces after his defeat by French commander the Marquis of Montcalm at Fort Ticonderoga during the French and Indian War.
1759		Quebec surrenders to the British after a battle which sees the deaths of both James Wolfe and Louis Montcalm, the British and French commanders.
1793		George Washington lays the foundation stone for the U.S. Capitol.
1830		Tom Thumb, the first locomotive built in the United States, loses a nine-mile race in Maryland to a horse.
1850		Congress passes the second Fugitive Slave Bill into law (the first was enacted in 1793), requiring the return of escaped slaves to their owners.
1862		After waiting all day for a Union attack which never came at Antietam, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins a retreat out of Maryland and back to Virginia.
1863		Union cavalry troops clash with a group of Confederates at Chickamauga Creek.
1874		The Nebraska Relief and Aid Society is formed to help farmers whose crops were destroyed by grasshoppers swarming throughout the American West.
1911		Russian Premier Piotr Stolypin dies four days after being shot at the Kiev opera house by socialist lawyer Dimitri Bogroff.
1914		The Irish Home Rule Bill becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
1929		Charles Lindbergh takes off on a 10,000 mile air tour of South America.
1934		The League of Nations admits the Soviet Union.
1939		A German U-boat sinks the British aircraft carrier Courageous, killing 500 people.
1948		Margaret Chase Smith becomes the first woman elected to the Senate without completing another senator's term when she defeats Democratic opponent Adrian Scolten. Smith is also the only woman to be elected to and serve in both houses of Congress.
1960		Two thousand cheer Castro's arrival in New York for the United Nations session.
1964		U.S. destroyers fire on hostile targets in Vietnam.
1980		Cosmonaut Arnoldo Tamayo, a Cuban, becomes the first black to be sent on a mission in space.