Today in History

68   Vespian, a gruff-spoken general of humble origins, enters Rome and is named emperor by the Senate.  
1620   The Pilgrims land at or near Plymouth Rock.  
1708   French forces seize control of the eastern shore of Newfoundland after winning a victory at St. John's.  
1790   Samuel Slater opens the first cotton mill in the United States (in Rhode Island).  
1862   The U.S. Congress authorizes the Medal of Honor to be awarded to Navy personnel who have distinguished themselves by their gallantry in action.  
1866   Indians, led by Red Cloud and Crazy Horse, kill Captain William J. Fetterman and 79 other men who had ventured out from Fort Phil Kearny to cut wood.  
1910   Over 2.5 million plague victims are reported in the An-Hul province of China.  
1928   President Calvin Coolidge signs the Boulder Dam bill.  
1944   German troops surround the 101st Airborne Division at Bastogne in Belgium.  
1945   General George S. Patton dies at the age of 60 after being injured in a car accident.  
1946   An earthquake and tidal wave kill hundreds in Japan.  
1963   The Turk minority riots in Cyprus to protest anti-Turkish revisions in the constitution.  
1964   Great Britain's House of Commons votes to ban the death penalty.  
1965   Four pacifists are indicted in New York for burning draft cards.
1969   American draft evaders gather for a holiday dinner in Montreal, Canada.
1986   500,000 Chinese students gather in Shanghai's People's Square calling for democratic reforms, including freedom of the press.
1988   Pan Am Flight 103 from London to New York explodes in midair over Lockerbie, Scotland, an hour after departure. All 259 passengers were killed in the explosion caused by a bomb– hidden inside an audio cassette player — that detonated inside the cargo area when the plane was at an altitude of 31,000 feet. A shower of airplane parts falling from the sky also killed 11 Lockerbie residents.  
1994   Popocatepetl, a volcano in Mexico spews forth gases and ash after nearly a half-century of dormancy.  
1995   The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.  
2004   A suicide bomber attacks the forward operating base next to the US military airfield at Mosul, Iraq, killing 22 people; it is the deadliest suicide attack on US soldiers during the Iraq War.