Today in HIstory

715		St. Gregory II begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
1535		French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for North America.
1536		Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII‘s second wife, is beheaded on Tower Green.
1568		Defeated by the Protestants, Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England where Queen Elizabeth imprisons her.
1588		The Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal.
1608		The Protestant states form the Evangelical Union of Lutherans and Calvinists.
1635		Cardinal Richelieu of France intervenes in the great conflict in Europe by declaring war on the Hapsburgs in Spain.
1643		The French army defeats a Spanish army at Rocroi, France.
1780		Near total darkness descends on New England at noon. No explanation is found.
1848		Mexico ratifies the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ends the Mexican-American War. Under the treaty Mexico agrees to cede California, most of Arizona and New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado, with the Rio Grande River becoming the boundary of Texas. In return the United States agrees to pay Mexico $15 million.
1856		Senator Charles Sumner speaks out against slavery.
1858		A pro-slavery band led by Charles Hamilton executes unarmed Free State men near Marais des Cygnes on the Kansas-Missouri border.
1863		Union General Ulysses S. Grant‘s first attack on Vicksburg is repulsed.
1864		The Union and Confederate armies launch their last attacks against each other at Spotsylvania, Virginia.
1921		Congress sharply curbs immigration, setting a national quota system.
1935		The National Football League adopts an annual college draft to begin in 1936.
1964		U.S. diplomats find at least 40 microphones planted in the American embassy in Moscow.
1967		U.S. planes bomb Hanoi for the first time.