CAROLINA NATURALLY

Saturday, May 3, 2014

The Daily Drift

Wild hats are required for the Derby ...!

Carolina Naturally is read in 198 countries around the world daily.

And we're off to the races ... !

Today is - Kentucky Derby Day

Don't forget to visit our sister blog: It Is What It Is

Some of our reader today have been in:

The Americas

Luquillo, Puerto Rico

Thunder Bay, Pikangikum, Britannia, Joliette, Lansing, Byward Market, Barrie, Montreal, Lake Louise, Nunalla, Downsview and Ottawa, Canada

Sao Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Toritama, Brasilia and Tatui, Brazil

Santiago, Chile

Novato, Creedmor, Hopatcong, Eureka, Clovis, Bourbonnais and Poughkeepsie, United States

Managua and Tipitapa, Nicaragua

Mexico City, Mexico

Guatemala City, Guatemala

Europe

Dubrovnik, Croatia

Kharkiv, Ukraine

Amsterdam, Baaren and Zaandam, Netherlands

Moscow, Ryazan, Vladivostok and Kazan, Russia

Brussels and Antwerp, Belgium

Madrid, Algerircas, Malaga and Cadiz, Spain

Magenta, Pau, L'ancisenne-Lorette and Deville-Les-Rouen, France

Teixoso and Lagos, Portugal

Cagliari, Milan, Rome, Sovana, Curno, Pescara and Ivrea, Italy

Nutzenberg, Rosenheim and Hannover, Germany

Kent, Middlebough and Manchester, England

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Nokia, Finland

Stockholm, Sweden

Novi Sad, Serbia

Oziemk, Poland

Oslo, Norway

Reykjavik, Iceland

Athens, Greece

Dublin, Ireland

Ljubljana, Slovenia

Asia

Jakarta, Pontianak and Depok, Indonesia

Nagoya, Japan

Singapore, Singapore

La Dagotiere, Mauritius

Johor Bahru, Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Baghdad, Iraq

Rangoon, Burma

Pune, Thiruvananthpuram, Shillong, Bangalore, Kolkata, Coimbatore and New Delhi, India

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Colombo, Sri Lanka

Tehran, Iran

Bangkok, Thailand

Africa

Cairo, Egypt

Durban and Johannesburg, South Africa

Rabat, Morocco

The Pacific

Sydney and Botany, Australia

Makati, Philippines

Today in History

495		Pope Gelasius asserts that his authority is superior to Emperor Enanstasius.
1568		French forces in Florida slaughter hundreds of Spanish.
1855		Macon B. Allen becomes the first African American to be admitted to the Bar in Massachusetts.
1859		France declares war on Austria.
1863		The Battle of Chancellorsville rages for a second day.
1865		President Lincoln's funeral train arrives in Springfield, Illinois.
1926		U.S. Marines land in Nicaragua.
1952		The first airplane lands at the geographic North Pole.
1968		After three days of battle, the U.S. Marines retake Dai Do complex in Vietnam, only to find the North Vietnamese have evacuated the area.
1971		James Earl Ray, Martin Luther King's assassin, is caught in a jail break attempt.
1979		Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman prime minister of Great Britain.
1982		A British submarine sinks Argentina's only cruiser during the Falkland Islands War.

Buy one quadrillion Zimbabwe dollars for US$121.95

The "Bank of Zimbabwe" is selling a quadrillion Zimbabwe dollars for US$122, which is a rip-off. Why not buy Zimbabwe 50 trillion dollars bank notes from the "Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe" for US$0.83 instead?

When in ancient Rome, bring bottled water

Turns out, when your entire plumbing system and all your aqueduct pipes are made of lead, your water probably contains more lead than is strictly safe. That said, researchers don't think the locals were getting high enough doses to cause the kind of brain damage that would lead to, for instance, an increase in crime.

Speckles on the Sun larger than Alaska

The surface of the Sun is covered in what scientists call "granules" — upwellings of plasma, which are caused by convection currents just the same way that colder, denser water sinks in the ocean or hot goo rises to the top of a lava lamp. The tops of these upwellings are responsible for making the surface of the Sun appear all pebbled and speckley. And, as this image from Wikimedia Commons shows, they are MASSIVE.
They are also helping scientists learn more about what happens inside the Sun's boiling heart, according to a story by Tom Yulsman at the ImaGeo blog.

Inside the vegetative mind

The invention of the artificial respirator in Denmark in the 1950s created more than just a new technology. It created a new class of being — the vegetative state. More than half a century later, scientists are still trying to understand what happens inside the minds of vegetative patients.

U.S. Warming Fast Since the First Earth Day

Some States Warming at Twice Global Rate

Average annual temperatures have been rising in every state since the first Earth Day in 1970.

The states that have warmed the most since then are Delaware and Wisconsin, at about 3 degrees warmer than in 1970.

Average temperatures across most of the continental U.S. have been rising gradually for more than a century, at a rate of about 0.127°F per decade between 1910-2012. That trend parallels an overall increase in average global temperatures, which is largely the result of human greenhouse gas emissions. While global warming isn’t uniform, and some regions are warming faster than others, since the 1970s, warming across the U.S. has accelerated, previously shown in our report The Heat is On. Since then, every state’s annual average temperature has risen accordingly. On average, temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been warming at a rate of 0.48°F per decade since 1970, nearly twice the global average.

You can find a chart to compare the warming among the states at Climate Central.

Here's How Much Money Doctors Actually Make

While many Americans complain about the costs of healthcare: insurance, hospital bills, paperwork, and medicine, relatively few begrudge doctors making a good living. After all, they study for years to achieve their degrees and usually graduate in deep debt. Then most of them work really hard to manage illness, improve our health, and save our lives. How much money do doctors actually make? It depends on their specialty and in what part of the country they work. According to Medscape’s annual Physicians Compensation Report, the doctors you actually see regularly make the least and specialists make quite a bit more. Do doctors believe they are making enough? Strangely, the biggest difference in satisfaction are two specialties that are close together both on the chart and on the body: dermatologists and plastic surgeons.

Dermatologists were the most likely to say their compensation was fair; plastic surgeons were the least likely.

While dermatologists earn $308,000 and plastic surgeons earn $321,000, 65% of dermatologists are satisfied with their careers, compared to just 37% of plastic surgeons. And only about one in four dermatologists spends more than 40 hours a week seeing patients, compared to more than half of plastic surgeons.

That suggests that the demands and joys of the job shape how much compensation seems "fair" more than just the salary itself.

Read more about the report at Business Insider, and see more graphs from the report at Medscape.

Having leisure time is now a marker for poverty, not riches

In Post-Industrious Society: Why Work Time will not Disappear for our Grandchildren, researchers from Oxford's Centre for Time Use Research argue that there has been a radical shift in the relationship between leisure, work and income. Where once leisure time was a mark of affluence, now it is a marker for poverty. The richer you are, the more likely you are to work long hours; while the poorer you are, the fewer hours you are likely to work every week.
The researchers theorize multiple causes for this. Poor people are more likely to be underemployed and unable to get the work-hours they want (and need) to support themselves. Rich people are likely to work in jobs that disproportionately advance and reward workers who put in overtime, so a 10% increase in hours worked generates more than 10% in expected career-gains.
They also claim that rich workers are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs, but I'm skeptical of this -- I think that relative to unskilled workers doing at-will 0-hours temp work whose every move is constrained and scripted by their employers, this is probably true, but I don't think that the white-collar world is producing a lot of people who think that their work is meaningful and rewarding.

In today’s advanced economies things are different. Overall working hours have fallen over the past century. But the rich have begun to work longer hours than the poor. In 1965 men with a college degree, who tend to be richer, had a bit more leisure time than men who had only completed high school. But by 2005 the college-educated had eight hours less of it a week than the high-school grads. Figures from the American Time Use Survey, released last year, show that Americans with a bachelor’s degree or above work two hours more each day than those without a high-school diploma. Other research shows that the share of college-educated American men regularly working more than 50 hours a week rose from 24% in 1979 to 28% in 2006, but fell for high-school dropouts. The rich, it seems, are no longer the class of leisure.
There are a number of explanations. One has to do with what economists call the “substitution effect”. Higher wages make leisure more expensive: if people take time off they give up more money. Since the 1980s the salaries of those at the top have risen strongly, while those below the median have stagnated or fallen. Thus rising inequality encourages the rich to work more and the poor to work less.

Nice work if you can get out

State of Denial

South Korean Plastic Surgeons Are Too Good At Their Job

People who get plastic surgery claim they do it to better themselves, making themselves look and feel better, but plastic surgery can also complicate your life and make it hard to re-enter your home country when your new face doesn't match the one in your passport photo.
Women heading from China and Japan to South Korea in order to undergo extensive plastic surgery are finding the operations so successful that customs agents don't believe they're the same person.
It has become such a problem that some Korean hospitals are now issuing "plastic surgery certificates" to their patients so they can go home again.
From the look of this lady's incredible transformation I can see why customs agents are having a hard time believing they're the same person!

Epigenetics could help explain differences between us and Neanderthals

Methylation — where a chemical compound attaches to DNA and changes the way that DNA is expressed without changing the DNA, itself — probably played a role in the difference between human body types and the bodies of Neanderthals

Why You Get Angry When You're Hungry

Are you easily made angry whenever you're very hungry, and then as soon as you eat, you're fine? Why does this happen? Laci explains the science of being "Hangry."

Coffee Helps You Stay Honest

Psychological Study

Caffeine--it's nature's wonder drug! And it's best consumed with coffee, often by spooning the grounds directly from the can into your mouth at 3 AM as a deadline nears.
It also makes you more honest. Well, kind of. Michael Christian, a professor of organizational behavior at the University of North Carolina, studied 171 sleep deprived nurses. Those who had some sweet, sweet caffeine flowing through their veins tended to be more honest than those who didn't. Anne Fisher of Forbes reports:

For this study -- which, by the way, wasn't sponsored by Starbucks -- volunteers who had been kept awake all night were divided into two groups. All were asked to chew gum in the morning, but one group got a plain wintergreen placebo, while the other chomped on gum laced with 200 milligrams of caffeine, or about the same amount that's in two cups of black coffee.
The participants were then put in situations where researchers "encouraged them to go along with a lie in order to earn some extra money," Christian says. "We tried to replicate a situation where a boss or a peer was pressuring them to cut ethical corners at work."
The results: Those who got the extra boost of caffeine consistently balked when researchers urged them to cheat, while those who were just exhausted -- and had chewed the non-caffeinated gum -- showed a marked willingness to cast conscience aside and go along with the deception.
Employers who want to reduce the likelihood of misbehavior should make sure people aren't putting in too many long hours without a break and "avoid scheduling tasks that require a great deal of self-control when looming deadlines make long hours unavoidable," the study concludes. Two other suggestions: Put in nap rooms at the office and don't skimp on the free coffee.

MERS and Death

An update on MERS — Scientists have been tracking Middle East respiratory syndrome since 2012. At New Scientist, Deborah MacKenzie looks at what's going on with the disease now — including a surge in cases and the identification of MERS patients outside the Middle East.

A fourth-year medical student writes about death — Med student Shara Yurkiewicz writes a heart-wrenching essay about watching a patient die during hip surgery.

Appeals court orders Obama administration to disclose the legal theory for assassination of Americans

The Obama administration has lost a high-stakes lawsuit brought against it by the New York Times and the ACLU over its refusal to divulge the legal basis for its extrajudicial assassination program against US citizens. The Obama administration declared that it had the right to assassinate Americans overseas, far from the field of battle, on the basis of a secret legal theory. When it refused to divulge that theory in response to Freedom of Information Act requests, the Times and the ACLU sued. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals has found in the Times's and ACLU's favor.

The Obama administration had insisted that the legal memo in question was protected as a national security secret. However, the court found that because the administration had made statements about the memo, assuring the public that the assassinations were legal, it had waived its right to keep the memo a secret. There's no work on whether the administration will appeal to the Supreme Court.

"After senior Government officials have assured the public that targeted killings are 'lawful' and that OLC advice 'establishes the legal boundaries within which we can operate,'" the appeals court said, "waiver of secrecy and privilege as to the legal analysis in the Memorandum has occurred" (PDF).
The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), which in a friend-of-the court brief urged the three-judge appeals court to rule as it did, said the decision was a boon for citizen FOIA requests.
"It's very helpful. We have a number of cases, including one of our oldest FOIA cases, that involves the warrantless wiretapping memos. The basic premise is when OLC writes a legal memo and when that becomes the known basis for a program, that's the law of the executive branch and cannot be withheld," Alan Butler, EPIC's appellate counsel, said in a telephone interview.

Obama ordered to divulge legal basis for killing Americans with drones

Convicted Terrorist Sentenced to Read Malcolm Gladwell Book

Malcolm Gladwell is a public intellectual famous for his broad-scope psychological and sociological books, such as The Tipping Point, Outliers, and Blink. His most recent book is entitled David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants. It's a study of how disadvantages can make people stronger. A US federal court recently sentenced Rebecca Rubin, a convicted terrorist, to read it as part of her punishment.
Between 1997 and 2001, she committed several acts of arson on behalf of environmental causes. US District Judge Ann Aiken sentenced Rubin to 5 years in prison, so she'll have plenty of time to get through the book. Judge Aiken hopes that by reading the Gladwell book, "Rubin could learn non-violent means to protesting systems she perceives as unjust."

What books do you think would serve as effective criminal punishments?