Today in History

480 BC		The Persian army defeats Leonidas and his Spartan army at the battle Thermopylae, Persia.
48 BC		Julius Caesar defeats Gnaius Pompey at Pharsalus.
1483		Pope Sixtus IV celebrates the first mass in the Sistine Chapel, which is named in his honor.
1549		England declares war on France.
1645		Settlers in New Amsterdam gain peace with the Indians after conducting talks with the Mohawks.
1805		Austria joins Britain, Russia, Sweden and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the third coalition against France.
1814		Andrew Jackson and the Creek Indians sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, giving the whites 23 million acres of Creek territory.
1842		The Webster-Ashburn treaty fixes the border between Maine and Canada's New Brunswick.
1859		The escalator is patented. However, the first working escalator appeared in 1900. Manufactured by the Otis Elevator Company for the Paris Exposition, it was installed in a Philadelphia office building the following year.
1862		At Cedar Mountain, Virginia, Confederate General "Stonewall" Jackson repels an attack by Union forces.
1910		The first complete, self-contained electric washing machine is patented.
1936		Jesse Owens wins four gold medals in track and field events at the Berlin Olympics.
1941		President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill meet at Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. The meeting produces the Atlantic Charter, an agreement between the two countries on war aims, even though the United States is still a neutral country.
1945		The B-29 bomber Bock's Car drops a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan.
1969		Charles Manson's followers kill actress Sharon Tate and her three guests in her Beverly Hills home.
1974		Gerald Ford is sworn in as president of the United States after the resignation of President Richard Nixon.