Today in History

1244		The Sixth Crusade ends when an Egyptian-Khwarismian force almost annihilates the Frankish army at Gaza.
1529		Henry VIII of England strips Thomas Wolsey of his office for failing to secure an annulment of his marriage.
1346		English forces defeat the Scots under David II during the Battle of Neville's Cross, Scotland.
1691		Maine and Plymouth are incorporated in Massachusetts.
1777		British Maj. Gen. John Burgoyne surrenders 5,000 men at Saratoga, N.Y.
1815		Napoleon Bonaparte arrives at the island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic, where he has been banished by the Allies.
1849		Composer and pianist Frederic Chopin dies in Paris of tuberculosis at the age of 39.
1863		General Ulysses S. Grant is named overall Union Commander of the West.
1877		Brigadier General Alfred Terry meets with Sitting Bull in Canada to discuss the Indians' return to the United States.
1913		Zeppelin LII explodes over London, killing 28.
1933		Due to rising anti-Semitism and anti-intellectualism in Hitler's Germany, Albert Einstein immigrates to the United States. He makes his new home in Princeton, N.J.
1941		The U.S. destroyer Kearney is damaged by a German U-boat torpedo off Iceland; 11 Americans are killed.
1956		The nuclear power station Calder Hall is opened in Britain. Calder Hall is the first nuclear station to feed an appreciable amount of power into a civilian network.
1972		Peace talks between Pathet Lao and Royal Lao government begin in Vietnam.
1989		The worst earthquake in 82 years strikes San Francisco bay area minutes before the start of a World Series game there. The earthquake registers 6.9 on the Richter scale–67 are killed and damage is estimated at $10 billion.